正念(Mindfulness)在心理学中的含义是指对此时此地有意识地、不评判地注意。它强调以接纳、丌放、不加判断的态度，清醒地觉知当下，包括外界刺激、躯体感觉、内心的情绪和想法等。即无论观察到的内心体验或外部刺激是好是坏、是喜欢或厌恶，观察者都以接受的不批判的态度看待，不去试图改变或消除。
至今，以正念为核心的理治疗效果在许多方面的疗效都己被实证检验。研究发现在减压、疼痛管理、强迫症、抑郁症、睡眠问题等方面，以正念为核心的心理治疗均有较好的干预效果。此外，对于非临床人群，正念训练调节情绪、提升幸福感的作用也己被研究所证明。

Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS)
Below is a collection of statements about your everyday experience. Using the 1-6 scale below, please indicate how frequently or infrequently you currently have each experience. Please answer according to what really reflects your experience rather than what you think your experience should be.
1 = almost always
2 = very frequently
3 = somewhat frequently
4 = somewhat infrequently
5 = very infrequently
6 = almost never

  1. I could be experiencing some emotion and not be conscious of it until some time later.
  2. I break or spill things because of carelessness, not paying attention, or thinking of something else.
  3. I find it difficult to stay focused on what’s happening in the present.
  4. I tend to walk quickly to get where I’m going without paying attention to what I experience along the way.
  5. I tend not to notice feelings of physical tension or discomfort until they really grab my attention.
  6. I forget a person’s name almost as soon as I’ve been told it for the first time.
  7. It seems I am “running on automatic” without much awareness of what I’m doing.
  8. I rush through activities without being really attentive to them.
  9. I get so focused on the goal I want to achieve that I lose touch with what I am doing right now to get there.
  10. I do jobs or tasks automatically, without being aware of what I’m doing.
  11. I find myself listening to someone with one ear, doing something else at the same time.
  12. I drive places on “automatic pilot” and then wonder why I went there.
  13. I find myself preoccupied with the future or the past.
  14. I find myself doing things without paying attention.
  15. I snack without being aware that I’m eating.

1.我无法在当时就立刻意识到我的情绪，总要推迟一会儿才能意识到。
2.我会由于走神或者粗心大意而把事情搞砸。
3.我发现我很难把注意力集中在当下发生的事情。
4.我喜欢快速地到达我要去的地方，而不关心沿途的风景。
5.我不去注意自己身体的感觉，除非有非常明显的不适感。
6.新的朋友如果只告诉我一次他的名字，我会记不住。
7.我总是机械地行动，而不去注意我在做些什么。
8.我匆匆忙忙地参加活动，而不去想这个活动的意义。
9.我把注意力放在要达到的目标上，而不是在当下要做的事情上。
10.我机械地工作，而不关心我在做些什么。
11.我发现自己可以一边听别人讲话一边做自己的事情。
12.我机械地开车去一个地方，然后才去想，我为什么到这儿。
13.我发现自己会沉浸在过去的事情或未来的想象中。
14.我发现自己做事情注意力不集中。
15.我吃东西的时候，不注意我吃的是什么。

1219名大学生 64.977±9.623
对所有条目进行反向计分之后，总分越高，表示个体在日常生活中对当下进行觉知和注意的特质正念水平越高。

参考来源：
http://www.awaretaiji.com/ke-xue-yan-jiu/xin-li-ce-liang-biao
於洪波.正念训练对持续注意的影响及其机制.浙江师范大学.2016
周红桂, 刘翃, 王利锋,等. 经验性回避、思维抑制在大学生特质正念与冗思间的中介作用[J]. 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志, 2019, 28(5):448-452.