社会技能是个体在人际关系层面上同他人相互作用的能力,它既是个体心理发展的重要内容,也是判定个体人格是否健全的重要指标。目前,人们一般将社会技能看作是一系列复杂的人际行为。Riggio认为完整的社会技能应该是一个包含了社会信息的接受、解释和传递等技能在内的多维结构体,这些基本技能从功能上分为表达、感受和控制三类,并且在非言语的(或称为情感的)沟通与言语的(或称为社会的)沟通两个层面进行操作。Riggio在其对社会技能定义的基础上,编制了社会技能量表(Social Skill Inventory,SSI)。在西方,SSI被广泛应用于咨询与治疗、婚姻研究、管理与领导训练、人事选拔和健康心理学等领域。

SSI是一份由90道题目构成的自陈量表,包括六个分量表:情感表达性(Emotional Expressivity,EE),情感感受性(Emotional Sensitivity,ES),情感控制性(Emotional Control,EC),社会表达性(Socia Expressivity,SE),社会敏感性(Social Sensitivity,SS),社会控制性(Social Control,SC),每一个分量表各15题。该量表采用Likert五点式评分,每一个分量表的分值范围在15-75分之间,根据各分量表的得分得出SSI的总分。

曹中平等人研究发现,中文版SSI 的克伦巴赫 α 系数为 0.81;重测信度为 0.75;分半信度为 0.84; 总分与各因子的相关系数在 0.305-0.802 之间; 验证性因素分析的指标:χ2/df 2.2,GFI 0.888,CFI0.903,IFI 0.916,RMSEA 0.076。 结论:在我国文化背景下将 SSI 用于大学生群体,具有较好的信度和效度。

社会技能问卷(SSI)

指导语:下列90个条目测试了一种态度或行为,这种态度或行为可能符合您的情况,也可能不符合。请在仔细阅读后选择最能准确反映您实际情况的答案,答案没有对错之分,对每个题仅做一种回答。

1一点也不像我
2有一点像我
3比较像我
4非常像我
5就是我

1、在我悲伤或沮丧时,别人很难觉察出来。
2、别人说话时,我一边听他们讲话一边注视他们的动作。
3、我不喜欢某人时,不管我怎么努力掩饰自己的真实情感,他们总能判断得出。
4、我喜欢举行聚会。
5、批评或谴责很少令我难过。
6、我能与各种各样的人和谐相处,不管他们是年轻人还是老人,富人或者穷人。
7、我说话比大多数人快。
8、很少有人像我一样敏感、善解人意。
9、我在说笑话或讲幽默故事时难以板着面孔。
10、人们要花好一阵功夫才能了解我。
11、我最大的快乐和痛苦之源是别人。
12、当我和一群朋友在一起时,我常常是他们的发言人。
13、我沮丧时倾向于使我周围的人也变得沮丧。
14、在聚会中,若有人关注我,我能立即觉察到。
15、当我感到窘迫时,人们总能根据我的面部表情觉察出来。
16、我乐于参加社会活动。
17、我宁愿积极参加一次政治讨论也不愿意去现察和分析那些代表们在说什么。
18、我发现自己在谈论私事时难以看着别人。
19、别人告诉我我有一双富有表情的眼睛。
20、我对揣测别人行为的原因很感兴趣。
21、我不很善于控制自己的情绪。
22、我喜欢那些要和许多人在一起干的工作。
23、我受周围人们心境的影响很大。
24、我不善于做有准备的发言。
25、触及别人的身体,我常常感到不自在。
26、我能很容易地通过现察一个人与别人的交往而了解他(她)的性格。
27、不论对谁我都能隐瞒自己的真实情感。
28、在聚会时我总能融入其中。
29、在某些情形中我常常会为自己的言行是否恰当而担心。
30、我发现在一大群人面前让自己发言是很困难的事。
31、我常常大声地笑。
32、无论别人怎么掩饰自己,我似乎总能领会他们的真实情感。
33、即使是朋友们努力逗我发笑,我也能板着面孔。
34、遇到陌生人时,通常我主动作自我介绍。
35、有时我认为自己太在意别人对我说过的话。
36、与一群人呆在—起时,我难以想出恰当的话题来谈论。
37、有时我无法使我的家人或朋友恰当地意识到我对他们有多愤怒或烦躁。
38、初次见面我便能准确地了解别人的性格。
39、我很难控制自己的情绪。
40、我通常是谈话的发起者。
41、别人怎么看待我的行为,对我很少或根本没有影响。
42、我常常很善于组织一群人讨论。
43、我的面部表情通常无明显的态度倾向。
44、即使是心烦意乱时,我也非常善于保持外表平静。
45、与人相处是我生活中最大的乐趣之一。
46、讲故事时我通常使用许多手势来帮助别人理解其要点。
47、我经常担心别人会误解我说过的话。
48、与不同社会地位的人相处,我常感到局促不安。
49、我很少表露我的愤怒。
50、一遇到虚伪的人我就能立即辨认出来。
51、与不同群体相处,我通常使自己的思想和行为与他们的一致。
52、在讨论问题时,我发现自己说得比别人多。
53、在我成长的过程中父母总是强调礼貌的重要性。
54、我不善于融入聚会中去。
55、与朋友交谈对我常会碰碰他们。
56、我不喜欢别人向我诉说他们的麻烦事。
57、即使我内心感到紧张,我也能把它掩饰得非常好。
58、聚会时,我喜欢与许多不同的人讲话。
59、别人的一颦一笑会强烈地影响我。
60、在有许多重要人物参加的聚会上。我常会感到不自在。
61、我能够使沉闷的聚会活跃起来。
62、有时我会因悲伤的电影而哭泣。
63、在社交场合中,即使玩得很不愉快,我也能使自己看起来很快活。
64、我认为自己是个孤独者。
65、我对批评非常敏感。
66、有时我注意到那些与我背景不同的人在我面前,我似乎感到局促不安。
67、我不喜欢成为众人注意的中心。
68、我很容易能给情绪沮丧者一个宽慰的拥抱或安抚。
69、我很少能掩饰自己强烈的情感。
70、我喜欢参加大型聚会,结交许多不认识的人。
71、别人是否喜欢我对我来说非常重要。
72、与陌生人开始交谈时,我有时说错话。
73、我很少表露自己的情绪或情感。
74、有时我能花上几个小时观察别人。
75、甚至在我真正感到高兴时我也能很客易假装恼怒。
76、我一般不会主动与陌生人说话。
77、如果我认为有人在注视我,我会感到紧张。
78、我常常被选为某群体的领头。
79、朋友们有时告诉我,说我说话太多。
80、常常有人说我是一个敏感,善解人意的人。
81、即使我力图掩饰自己的情感,人们总能看得出来。
82、我喜欢成为聚会的“中心人物’。
83、我一般很在意自己给别人留下的印象。
84、我常常发现自己处在尴尬的社交情形中。
85、我生气的时候,从不大声叫嚷或尖叫。
86、当朋友们生气或难过的时候,他们常挑选我来使他们平静下来。
87、我能很自如地使自己一会儿看起来高兴,一会儿看起来悲伤。
88、就任何话题我都能谈上几个钟头。
89、我常常关心别人怎么看待我。
90、我能很自如地调整自己以适应任何社交场合。

参考文献:
曹中平, 黄月胜, 程葵,等. 社会技能量表对中国大学生的适用性研究[J]. 中国临床心理学杂志, 2009, 17(1):3.
陈华峰. 社会技能量表(SSI)对湖南中学生的适用性研究[D]. 湖南师范大学.
Loton D J . Problem video game playing, self esteem and social skills : an online study. 2007.
(英文完整版:https://vuir.vu.edu.au/687/1/Problemvideogameplaying.pdf

Social Skills Survey(版本一)

1 = Not at all like me
2 = A little like me
3 = Like me
4 = Very much like me
5 = Exactly like me

  1. I can be comfortable with all types of people – young and old, rich and poor.
  2. I love to socialize.
  3. I am interested in knowing what makes people tick.
  4. I am not very skilled in controlling my emotions.
  5. I usually feel comfortable touching other people.
  6. I can easily tell what a person’s character is by watching his or her interactions with others.
  7. I always mingle at parties.
  8. There are certain situations in which I find myself worrying about whether I am doing or saying the right things.
  9. I always seem to know what people’s true feelings are no matter how hard they try to conceal them.
  10. I usually take the initiative to introduce myself to strangers.
  11. When in a group of people, I have trouble thinking of the right things to talk about.
  12. It is very hard for me to control my emotions.
  13. My facial expression is generally neutral.
  14. I am very good at maintaining a calm exterior even if I am upset.
  15. I often worry that people will misinterpret something I have said to them.
  16. I rarely show my anger.
  17. I can instantly spot a “phony” the minute I meet him or her.
  18. While I may be nervous on the inside, I can disguise it very well from others.
  19. At parties I enjoy talking to a lot of different people.
  20. I can be strongly affected by someone smiling or frowning at me.
  21. I would feel out of place at a party attended by a lot of important people.
  22. I am able to liven up a dull party.
  23. I am rarely able to hide a strong emotion.
  24. I enjoy going to parties and meeting new people.
  25. It is very important that other people like me.
  26. I rarely show my feelings or emotions.
  27. I am often chosen to be the leader of a group.
  28. I am often told that I am a sensitive, understanding person.
  29. I am generally concerned about the impression I’m making on others.
  30. I can easily adjust to being in just about any social situation

SOCIAL SKILLS INDEX (SHORT FORM)(版本二)

  • NOTE: the (*) symbol at the end of a statement represents a reverse coded item

Instructions: Please read each question, and then bubble in the circle that best represents how you feel.

(1)Not like me at all
(2)A little like me
(3)Like me
(4)Very much like me
(5)Exactly like me

  1. I usually feel comfortable touching other people. *
  2. I am interested in knowing what makes people tick. *
  3. I am not very skilled in controlling my emotions.
  4. I love to socialize. *
  5. There are certain situations in which I find myself worrying about whether I am doing or saying the right things.
  6. I can be comfortable with all types of people-young and old, rich and poor.
  7. My facial expression is generally neutral.
  8. I can easily tell what a person's character is by watching his or her interactions with others.
  9. It is very hard for me to control my emotions. *
  10. I always mingle at parties. *
  11. I often worry that people will misinterpret something I have said to them.
  12. When in a group of people, I have trouble thinking of the right things to talk about. *
  13. I rarely show my anger.
  14. I always seem to know what other peoples' true feelings are no matter how hard they try to conceal them.
  15. I am very good at maintaining a calm exterior even if I am upset.
  16. I usually take the initiative to introduce myself to strangers.
  17. I can be strongly affected by someone smiling or frowning at me.
  18. I would feel out of place at a party attended by a lot of very important people.
  19. I am able to liven up a dull party.
  20. I can instantly spot a "phony" the minute I meet him or her.
  21. While I may be nervous on the inside, I can disguise it very well from others.
  22. At parties I enjoy talking to a lot of different people. *
  23. It is very important that other people like me.
  24. I am often chosen to be the leader of a group.
  25. I rarely show my feelings or emotions.
  26. I am often told that I am a sensitive, understanding person.
  27. I am rarely able to hide a strong emotion.
  28. I enjoy going to large parties and meeting new people.
  29. I'm generally concerned about the impression I'm making on others.
  30. I can easily adjust to being in just about any social situation.

以下内容未确定版本:
The SSI-brief instrument scales and grouped questions/responses included emotional expressivity (EE; Q1, Q7, Q13, Q19, Q25), emotional sensitivity (ES; Q2, Q8, Q14, Q20, Q26), emotional control (EC; Q3, Q9, Q15, Q21, Q27), social expressivity (SE; Q4, Q10, Q16, Q22, Q28), social sensitivity (SS; Q5, Q11, Q17, Q23, Q29), and social control (SC; Q6, Q12, Q18, Q24, Q30).
The reverse-coded questions included Q1, Q3, Q7, Q9, Q12, Q13, Q18, Q25, and Q27.

参考来源:
Grant, E. (2011). The relationship of computer-mediated communication and social skills development in adolescents (Order No. 1501373). Available from ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global. (904406724). Retrieved from https://www.proquest.com/dissertations-theses/relationship-computer-mediated-communication/docview/904406724/se-2
Sweeney, K. A. (2019). Modality orientation: Examining individual differences in beliefs toward modality switching behaviors on the communication interdependence perspective (Order No. 13886807). Available from ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global. (2287051146). Retrieved from https://www.proquest.com/dissertations-theses/modality-orientation-examining-individual/docview/2287051146/se-2
Ramos, S. M. (2019). U.S. retired military leaders' EI and leadership style: A quantitative correlational analysis (Order No. 27541730). Available from ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global. (2316839015). Retrieved from https://www.proquest.com/dissertations-theses/u-s-retired-military-leaders-ei-leadership-style/docview/2316839015/se-2